03/14/2022 Surprise AMA

hi everybody this is charles hoskinson broadcasting live from warm sunny colorado always warm always sunny sometimes colorado today is march 14 2022. it's been a little while since i've done an ama but i've been really really busy a lot of stuff going on right now huge amount of project management program management meetings a lot of work quantification we had a lovely series of workshops with cf but those shall remain nameless because there's a lot to internally do before we make any announcements there and ecosystem continues to grow by leaps and bounds i think over 517 daps are under construction if you go to cardano nexus excuse me cardano cube dot io you can see you could just see the remarkable ecosystem map and how quickly things are growing and i just got a really special device so as many of i was in at ces back in january and i went to this lovely booth that had a dry eeg device that also combined photobiomodulation together i said wow that's incredible so i said are you selling it and they said well for you of course so check this out i think wave and they didn't give it to me i had to buy it but basically all you neurologists doctors bio medical enthusiasts what it is is a headset and it's got 19 dry eeg leads on it and if you look real closely you'll see kind of phase of the camera there you see how the light shines a little bit there's actually biomodulated photobiome modulation leds connected to it they're using it for the treatment of depression and other conditions but what's really interesting is this may actually give you a statistically equivalent in the same order of magnitude reading that a wet eeg would do so we work a lot with a company called aspen neural science and they're gonna do a cross-comparison of the readout from this device compared to a weta eg and if it works oh my you might not get any goop in your hair that's pretty cool so i can't wait try it out i just got it to the office today it came in straight from south korea okay so you may be saying what in the world does this have to do with anything crypto well i will remind people with amas that amas are not just cardano or crypto related they can be anything you've ever wanted to ask and you can ask it i can answer it my prerogative now i'm a big fan of cognitive science neurosciences and i've been getting more and more into it as i've gotten older because i'm very fascinated in the science of memory and learning and also flow states in focus incredibly interested in these things for a long time and what lately has been happening is if you look at things the neural meditation institute or other bodies there's been a lot of research around can you combine a medical device an eeg or things like f nears with a meditation practice or a flow practice or altered states of consciousness up to and including psychotropic experiences and it turns out the answer is yes and it turns out that there's many protocols that are being developed and we're doing a lot of research right now on mapping eeg to f nears namely jeffrey tarant over at neuralmed institute and once we have a good corpus we'll probably figure out how to collaborate with the colonel guys because brian johnson has some lovely people i'm interested in this because it's the science of human performance kind of like what stephen kotler does and flows research and these types of things and i think a lot about okay can i take somebody and if we do nothing it takes them i don't know 24 weeks to learn a language to fluency or whatever and if you get involved and you do some things maybe they can do it 12 weeks or eight weeks or whatever we have finite time in life so i have a venture that i'm building with my dad and brother and we're talking about well longetivity how do you increase that time but then there's also a question of how do you better use that time and first there's the wisdom side and then there's the efficiency side so different ways of thinking give you more efficiency so you have to spend less time to get the same result or better results and then the wisdom side gives you the the meta why should you spend your time on something so it's just a side thing that i'm quite interested in and from time to time i share the cool little devices i get and the things we do and we certainly have a lot of partners that we work with and very interesting people cardano itself is doing pretty well most people have these bizarre notions of success they look at the price and they say well if it's high it's great if it's getting lower or there's a decline then obviously something's wrong but by all meaningful metrics tvl population of the chain transaction volume the rate of developer acquisition everything is massively better today than it was even 60 days ago and so forth looks we'll have a lot of events this year we'll probably go to consensus we're just deciding how big of an involvement we want to have in consensus and a lot of community events all around so i'll be traveling quite a bit and meeting a lot of you the world is opening up again so it's always good to do that have some fun and do these things so anyway longevity anti-aging longetivity longevity that's the word it's been a long [ __ ] day [Laughter] i when i was really tired years ago i was doing a presentation and i said canocial instead of canonical all right not a not many updates for you guys outside of that but i'll get right to your questions and we'll hopefully we'll have meaningful dialogue here we go charles hoskinson are you watching what david sinclair is exploring how about audrey de grey and the sense foundation so david is the new audrey so years ago when i was reading about this stuff audrey was the guy and he wrote books back in like 2007 2008 and his whole argument was that maintenance could find a way to restore something or slow something down to a point where you could live a lot longer and he identified different categories of what happens as you age the the breakdown of each of those categories and so he published the book and there was a little controversy and he challenged his critics and very proper academic dialogue and they kind of fought each other into a stalemate and what he did is he made this claim that if he set up a foundation and he had i don't know 100 million dollars or something like that he'd have sufficient funding to be able to get to a kind of a longevity longevity escape velocity and the idea there is that for every year you age they extend your lifespan by a year so essence and a barring accident you actually never die aubrey has at times been a controversial figure but he kind of started a really nice conversation and in the academic circles at the time he started it it wasn't considered to be a super interesting it was kind of like ai has agi and math has things the millennium problems they're super hard they exist people are aware of them but people don't actually work on them because it doesn't really do much for your career well anti-aging was the same to biology for a lot of people it wasn't something that was sexy or vogue to study you could do it in very simple organisms but when you actually moved to complex organisms people said well it's too big of a problem you're not going to solve anything david sinclair on the other hand did make a career out of doing that i believe he's at harvard and he's written a few books life span is the one that people know him for and david has a big anti-aging lab and he's been involved in most of the big innovations that have occurred the statement that resveratrol may have an impact on aging namely that if if you take it it actually slows it down although there's bioavailability problems in practice and other concerns there but also i think he was connected to the nad studies and he's got all these mice that he plays around with and he tries to tinker with their internal clocks and recently he's created a podcast where he goes over many of the things he discussed in lifespan in addition to the things he's learned since so he's a really interesting fellow very well published very credible and there's certainly a lot of interesting things there in general the two biggest things you can do to expand your lifespan have nothing to do with emerging science they're good old-fashioned diet exercise which is something i need to do usually when they talk about anti-aging they say in addition to the optimal meaning there already is an assumption that you're eating the things you should eat and you're working out the way you should work out and this is plus plus so people have been exploring things the use of rhabdomycin and metformin and metformin in particular looks very promising and david does mention that i believe in his book so real good guy to talk to what is the status of side chains bill cross chain dapps are really missing out massive dap ecosystem well milkamoto is about and there's also mamba project and we should be able to make a meaningful update on mamba at the end of the month the last information i got which was february so i haven't checked up on that team in about two weeks is that they were still slated for some form of a test net here this month so i will get back to you guys on that for those of you don't know mamba is a bft ethereum side chain for cardano how we started is a test net disconnected similar to catalyst being disconnected build up an ecosystem there test the erc20 converter get great benchmarks optimize optimize optimize get good code quality and then it's part of a broader side chain's agenda now cardano sidechains are really interesting and the reason being is that it actually has a monetary incentive for ada holders when a side chain is released on cardano so how we're thinking about making it work is that you have cardano the main network and that's powered by oroboros and you have a bunch of stake pool operators that run the system authorized by the delegators and that's a large set that's that k factor so as k increases over time as eta gets larger then you get more and more members of that set then because that set exists and it's a secure route of trust what you can do is sortition the set and use it to bootstrap a fast bft protocol and we have that protocol it's called auroboris bft it's really cool it's very simple it's very lightweight but then you can run a sidechain it has the same security dynamics as the base layer but you have fast finality and you have high throughput with that system now if you have tokens in that system and it's bootstrapped then those rewards for making those blocks also get paid to the stake pool operator so let's say you have an ecosystem with 50 side chains and 50 tokens and the main chain then the stake pools would actually make 50 tokens plus ada when they make blocks assuming that they've been selected to participate in each of those quorums so the more side chains the merrier for these types of things as for tvl and these other things i mean it's early days we've gone from two to over 250 million and the majority of dapps seem to be back loaded towards the vossel hard fork because they want to benefit from pipelining as well as the expressivity increases and expressiveness increases in plutus so i wouldn't worry too much about that but again those growth metrics are looking phenomenal there's a spool up time when you create these things and we're getting there is fossil short for vaseline because it will make everything smoother no it's short for fossil dobov who was a really good fan of the cardinal ecosystem a great human being and an old friend of mine who perished last year and so we wanted to honor him by naming one of the hard forks after him charles what do you think about the eu possibly banning proof of work will bitcoin and ethereum take a hit i mean there's been certainly some conversations about it it's puzzling to me because people in the proof proof-of-work world live in this bizarre reality where all the energy spent on bitcoin doesn't seem to exist it's as if we have unlimited energy and this is the best possible use case of it they don't acknowledge that there's a high energy consumption it's there you acknowledge it now they seem to conflate the idea that this is in their view useful or productive use of energy with the concept that we are at an energy deficit in the world and what we're doing is we're taking the battery that millions if not billions of years of vegetation gave us from fossil fuels and we're rapidly expending that battery to power the entire world we don't have a sustainable power grid so we're running an energy deficit for production relative to consumption when you look at renewable to non-renewable sources and part of that deficit now is the bitcoin network and so a lot of policymakers are saying well first we need to rebalance these things and make more or equivalent to what we spend so we have a surplus or neutrality so some form of renewable energy source okay and energy enters the system all the time it's called the sun and at the same time we also need to conserve large energy expenditures so people go for example to the concrete business and they because it's a huge consumer of electricity or the the metallurgy people so the steel people these types of things they say you guys consume aluminum same huge amounts of electricity massive amounts of power to do what you do from the whole cycle the supply chain we need to find a way to reduce that and make what you do more environmentally friendly so that's what regulators do to industries so then you look at the blockchain business and you see bitcoin and ethereum and cardano and solana and all these other things and they do some things and then there's a question of efficiency behind the things that they do the problem with maximalism is what they do is they say it is incomparable what they do so even though cardano and bitcoin are both utxo based systems both have deflationary monetary policies both process transactions and move value both use cryptography and both are functionally cryptocurrencies what the bitcoin people do is say proof of stake simply does not work everything on cardano is an elaborate proof of perpetual motion scam and it's a plutocracy controlled by central bankers or whatever the latest argument is in other words we're not legitimate we don't exist we should be ignored and now if that argument doesn't stand then they run into a very inconvenient truth you have system a that uses more power than ecuador and system b that uses the power of a warehouse and one is better faster and cheaper mine so that's a problem okay so this is one of those uncomfortable conversations with the european union while they talk about proof-of-work and they say okay well if you have two industries within an industry if you have two approaches and one is massively more energy efficient than the other the one that's not has to justify itself in some way so what is it is it more security well that's debatable because all these papers have been written and these systems are running and they've never been hacked for years with plenty of people trying to do that is it in some way more efficiency or it's more egalitarian or it's more decentralized whatever that means but we have no index for decentralization so i think it's premature and bad for the eu to ban proof of work but it does bring in an interesting conversation which is the european union by just asking the question forces many inconvenient uncomfortable conversations to come into play what if a useful proof of work exists we've written a paper for that so does that matter maybe we have to move from useless to useful would it be a distributed computer actually instead of just a rube goldberg machine that wastes electricity would that make people feel better so i don't think bitcoin ethereum will take a hit at all i think that just like china banning bitcoin really didn't do anything to the ecosystem but i do think it is a wake-up call for the astute listener to really start talking about comparability within industry because if you use analogy if i have two ways of making concrete and one way involves burning all the forest down and the other way is sustainable and uses sunlight and i can do it forever and not destroy the environment i mean which which one would you pick and if the people who say burning all the forest down it somehow keeps the evil spirits away whereas the sunlight attracts them or it's a scam it's you have the same piles of concrete on both sides the burden eventually follows on them and actually the ethereum crowd admits this which is why they're moving to a proof of stake based system and it's my belief that over time the majority of value in the cryptocurrency space will actually be protected by proof-of-stake style systems as opposed to proof-of-work style systems so and they say well that's equivalent to central banking and it's an oligarchy no it's not a plutocracy or oligarchy central bank system i can't go to an exchange and buy part of the federal reserve and have a say in the governance of the federal reserve at any given time for any proof of stake coin with liquidity i'm always able to acquire some of that power of the system and have a say over its governance and asics are not necessarily a fair game what if the primary asics supply chain is patented and private you're not allowed by law to replicate what they've done you'll have to spend millions to tens of millions to hundreds of millions to replicate what they've done and they have first access to it is that an egalitarian democratic system used to be different when i first joined bitcoin back in the day we could mine on cpus so this computer right here or gpus and i even did i had a crossfire for 58.50 amd cards i was running 1.2 gigahashes it's great times so it was very egalitarian back then but now not as much it's a little harder to get your hands on these things reliably especially during a chip shortage tends to stay in certain areas certain friends and family not to say it won't get better but it just gives you a sense the nuances of these things and by the way cardano is not mine i know people are going to take that quote out of context it's the communities obviously and so forth but we just live in an age where people do that and this is just an example of people so how many more years are you going to drag on with your vaporware project publishing more and more useless papers before you go to prison seven day wait time for your decks by the way these are the people this is our space charles any take on five through ceos four or five vaccines before fully vaccinated i'm no longer considered vaccinated i have two pfizer shots i've gotten covered twice you'd think that i'm no longer a vector but apparently according to pfizer ceo i'm unvaccinated and a threat and dangerous every time they inject somebody they make 35 bucks it's pretty [ __ ] sad i have noticed though that the minute that i started saying hey we should change the way we do things with kovitt the level of personal attacks has really gone up man maybe it's a false correlation but it seems to be universal for everybody joe rogan others just just a side note who knows strange days [Music] charles why is hedera so much better did you read their white paper no i haven't had a chance to read the white paper yet but i'm curious to know why do you feel it's so much better what's the what's the reason what compels you to say that just tell everybody charles what do you think of the current congestion status on cardano do you believe right now the parameters are adjusted so they can supposedly run into the next scalability update well there'll be more parameter updates and the next update well the the hard fork that's coming in june will be very significant a big big performance improvement like within an order of magnitude and i think that will significantly scale up the network to a point where we can handle a lot of load it's actually fortuitous that cardano is running at such large capacity it's giving us a a really good sense of what cardano can do in practice so when we built cardano there were a lot of simulations that were done and deep conversations about basically the the capabilities of cardinal to perform well under high load adversarial load asymmetries asymmetrical attacks these these types of things and in the lab we believe that the design was great and now we're actually seeing those scenarios occur ddos attacks high load big saturation the mempool these types of things and so far cardano's behaving exactly as we expected which is just great and as we roll out pipelining and other updates it's only going to get better so i think that we'll be fine in fact there was a big spike and now things are smoothing out a little bit and there'll be more parameter updates to come and then we'll kind of cruise towards june and that will really improve the state of affairs and it's a one-two punch pipelining and then input endorsers so enormous amount of work is happening at the moment for input endorsers and that will eventually aggregate to a paper that is published called orborus leos and there's a blog post on the way so we should be able to get that out soon and that blog post will kind of cover the high level design and really give people a sense of why it's so special what's unique about input endorsers is that it moves us to a situation where the bottleneck of the system is no longer the consensus mechanics but rather the network stack so it can scale to the demand and it really becomes like these dag style protocols that have super high throughput so as bandwidth improves over time the network organically gets faster so i think those two things together will give us a lot of headroom and just more optimal use of the extended utxo market and there has to be some updates on the economics of the system which is why we wrote the babel fees blog post and these other things to kind of give a sense of what needs to be done charles would you ever consider writing a book and what would it involve i've thought about writing a few books so i really do want to write a book on governance and that's the first kind of in the queue and then at some point when i retire i'd like to write memoirs of all the things i've seen and done and go through all of that i never particularly thought that i as a person was so incredibly interesting i i just build stuff and i enjoy people and that's great but apparently there's charles the persona and there's charles the person and it's a very strange thing everybody in the blockchain space at the moment seems to have an opinion on me one way or the other negative or positive and they just feel very comfortable sharing that opinion in some cases beyond the bounds of decency and publishing things and so forth and that bind but at the end of the day does that in any meaningful way actually change the things that i've built it's all out there i the critics of me they seem to for conveniently forget cardano and io and the last six years of my life and all the places i've done in ben i and it's it's just bizarre it's as if it's like 2014 or something like that okay and it's deeply frustrating at times it's just it's crazy that to have such a a gap between who how you perceive yourself to be and how you perceive that you treat others and then the common notions in certain circles a lot of people have reached out to me and told me hey don't let it bother you the work continues just keep moving forward and there's a lot of truth in that advice but every human has built in this need for justice or this need for vindication or this i have to tell you what the real story is but the reality is that the attacks and the misrepresentations they're against the person who doesn't exist they're a collective construction of the criticism ideas and hope streams whatever of group of people and so go attack that person and once you realize it's a different person it's it really just rolls right off of you you don't really think too much about it i i only let it bother me when actually it seems to hurt the commercialization of the projects i work on or the people that i work with and some of them are deeply frustrated but for the most part people seem to be able to keep the work and keep going and nothing has ever happened that in my view has escalated to that point now in terms of writing a book it has to be valuable to the reader it's not useful to just focus on feelings and thoughts and and salacious gossip in these things there has to be some wisdom that's been validated in the thread there has to be something productive for it to stand the test of time [Music] when we were when i began this podcast earlier i talked about this idea of wisdom being how one should use their time and all these things i've been interested in focus and time management about the efficiency of one's use of time those kinds of things those tools for life and examples of their applications and where they provide value i think those are important i'm starting to become increasingly connected to the arc of history i'm not connected to a point where i can influence it but i am in the room or in events that actually have meaningful significance i've been around in the ethiopian civil war and all these things but we're small players in that respect and i often think well what if we weren't what if the things we do and the things we build at some juncture or point actually start influencing and changing the arc of history at that point then i think that's meaningful to discuss because there's social value in the thought process that led to the decisions that we made so i started keeping a journal and really trying to keep it up to date and invest time in it just in case i have to go back because innocent decisions or observations or these things at the time could turn it out to be the critical factor and something very significant and before the critics dog pile on say all this is narcissism or something like that well let's say that we end up building the national id system for a country and that ends up being the basis for e-voting and that ends up being the basis for all e-voting in the entire world i mean there's not outside the realm of possibility cardano was just an idea in 2015 and now it's a network with millions of people worth tens of billions of dollars that's growing at a very rapid pace if that continues it could be worth a trillion and have a billion people in 20 years or 30 years that could happen who knows in which case the influence that would have the industries that would control it could be the back end of nation states so historians will ask business leaders will ask how did we get here what was the point of that so it is important just write things down just in case that does occur in which case you can go back with some degree of objectivity or at least the subjectivity of the moment as opposed to the hindsight of the future charles i would like to hear your thoughts on the future of smartphone software well we see non-proprietary os is becoming popular would be good if we had a linux of smartphone well adam technically technically android is a linux project it is technically open source which is why many people use it but i hear you i feel you it doesn't feel that way when ultimately there are gatekeepers who control the experience and what can be on it and this is the perpetual frustration of open source and this is the profession the perpetual frustration of centralization if 99 of your ecosystem is open source but one percent isn't or it's somehow curated and controlled and that one percent happens to be the skeleton key or the gatekeeper for how people use the other 99 you're not actually open source this is why i hate projects that claim to be cryptocurrencies but then patent things because one guy one group of people ultimately has a legal monopoly on who gets to use it and they act as a curator even if they don't choose to use that they have the right to do so and that really hurts fortune 500 and government adoption actually across comparison cryptographic algorithms you look at ntru and this lattice-based crypto compared to their open source equivalents people always seem to pick the open source patent-free versus the patented i especially in the 2000s so i would like to see more progress made in open ecosystem it's bizarre that so few companies apple google microsoft have such a strong say on what goes on your phone and the business models you're allowed to deploy i can install pretty much anything i want on windows or linux but then when it goes to google phones so android phones and it goes to apple phones it's curated at the core now that curation has benefits it has allowed mass market adoption there are billions of users of smartphones all around the planet smartphones are the dominant business model well beyond anything the pc has achieved so it seems like that curation is socially acceptable but it has the consequences of transfer of mass wholesale transfer power to the few i would like to see an open phone there's been a lot of projects that have attempted this there's been a lot of people trying to create diversity in the phone space people have ported ubuntu to the phone there have been people to try to build varieties like silent circle there are os's for example copperhead os these types of things that exist and i've kind of followed along and i know all the guys we run into each other every few years at different cryptographic or security conferences and they always try to tell me this is the year that people are going to pay attention and wake up a libre phone is an example of that even has a little hardware switches on it that allows you to to like turn off the camera and turn off the microphone and other things with a hardware disney so can't be hacked into and unfortunately that whole industry is just not where it needs to be so it is what it is and we wish the best but that's a problem i can't solve i'd like to because cardano has to run on infrastructure and if it's running on proprietary or curated infrastructure actually it means it's a cat and mouse game where either you allow all the features of cardano or whatever gets deployed on that proprietary platform has to be in some way sanitized as we've seen with metamask for example and some of the decisions they've made recently now this is an interesting one what are what are your thoughts on cytocyber and do you believe in its ability to reset the brain for the better so psilocybin is the chemical that causes you to trip when you eat a magic mushroom and for a long time people just thought it was some sort of club drug in common culture the hippie drug but it turns out it's been used for thousands of years by shamans and cultures for all kinds of rituals and for healing and lately roland griffiths and others have been studying and there's a great series of experiments at johns hopkins that are looking at the application of the substance for the treatment of ptsd depression and other maladies of the mind and it turns out that the clinical evidence is they're more effective than the drugs that people are using so what it does is it messes with your default mode network and if you're really curious about this there's a great book from michael pollan called how to change your mind and if you don't want to read the book then just google him and joe rogan and listen to the podcast with michael pollan and that podcast really covers what he discovered by researching psychedelics now interestingly enough some of the things that neural meditation institute and others are looking at is if one was using guided meditation with an eeg could you enter into the same clearing refresh that the refresh of the fault mode network has achieved via psilocybin and the answer is yes surprising so you might not actually have to take a psychedelic to achieve the same things a psychedelic achieves so that's an emerging area of research and it's quite exciting hey charles i'm a phd student at university of wyoming working on formalizing the elliptic curve crypto algorithms can i intern with iohk this summer well give me a little bit more information are you in the masters of the phd program in the computer science department and who is your supervisor so reach out to your supervisor have him reach out to the department chair and come to us i'd be very interested in the formalization of elliptic curve crypto in particular we are looking at pairings there's a lot of different frameworks you can write a verified implementation and there's a language called jasmine which came out of india which is really interesting and useful there's also like easy crypt and these other frameworks but i'm really interested in how exactly you're approaching the formalization and how do you even write a specification what elliptic curves are you looking at is it the bitcoin curve sec p256k1 or twisted edward curves the ed 255 19 which is the one we use or is it like bls it's an interesting topic to me now i will warn you that project everest and other projects in industry have not really yielded great results when people try to formalize crypto yahwah has also approached us they even wrote a framework called [ __ ] and crypto was again attempted basically start talking about crypto in a more formal way and also how formalized do you want to be on the stack so you can have a correct by construction high level language but when it compiles down to byte code is the byte code isomorphic to or i guess by similar would be the term to the to the top code and you are using a certified compiler for that so what is your root of trust in the formal chain when you do these things so that's a really fascinating topic and you might be getting yourself into an endless river where you really can't say much if you do want to formalize something i would if i were you instead of looking at particular all elliptic curve crypto maybe it would be useful to take a look at a particular form of elliptic curve crypto one i'm very interested in is the crypto of zhao j-a-o he's out of i think waterloo or university of toronto one of those two it's in toronto and he's doing something called super singular misogynist now this is a particular class of elliptic curve crypto and i'm very interested in it because it appears to be post quantum and you may be able to have your cake and eat it too most of the post quantum stuff is very inefficient and has very large key sizes and signature sizes which make them not suitable for use in cryptogra in cryptocurrencies but if you could get an elliptic curves at elliptic curve prices but be post-quantum that would be super interesting it would be really interesting to see a bridge and show that the proofs and joust papers are actually compatible with the ideas that sure had it's a very hard problem but it's probably phd solvable within a two to three year time period if you have the right advisor and you do the right things and it would be incredibly useful in evangelizing popularizing a very exotic form of elliptic curve crypto building general purpose usable verified implementations of elliptic curve crypto that's probably 500 to 1 000 man years of research and work that needs to be done so that's something a team of cryptographers would spend three to five years on maybe 10 years on just as an example verified micro kernel the sdl4 microkernel project which was written in haskell and isabella was 10 years of work and this is in my view probably the equivalent amount of complexity so reach out to your advisor and have them reach out to me everybody at university wyoming knows me so they can easily send me an email through the comp sci department i assume that's where you're at because the math department doesn't do any formal methods they don't even have another theory program but anyway just have them reach out to me and we can certainly talk offline lambo shout out to crypto buff well i've never met him but good to meet you crypto buff and shout out thanks for all the hard work charles can we expect more people of iog interviews love watching those absolutely i'd have a lot of fun doing them and we're going to keep doing them i'm building out the downstairs and we're going to put a podcast studio in and we'll get back to that but i'll try to get a few more interviews in it's just been an incredibly busy time incredibly busy time oh my god this is great charles is replacing cardinal for music makers so i was up at my ranch this weekend and yes i did have some time to enjoy driving around and showing everybody there but 34 people were at the ranch some came in as far as paris to be there to talk about crypto bison and in particular non-deterministic algorithmically generated music that is built for tripartite pvp with an audience so basically the idea is imagine a card game is connected to a music generator you put them together and you can generate music and have a pvp mechanic how about that that's what we were talking about the the core of that the technology of that and we have some really cool ideas and we've built some amazing gameplay mechanics and we have several companies we're working with to do that so not only is there a place for music makers i think cardano is going to be one of the first places to do everything from nfts and ip to microtransactions to band-offs kind of like rap battles but for music and all kinds of other cool things so this will really inspire a lot of people so i can't say too much more about it but i will tweet at some point i asked tim to do this a video of a song we built together using just dice and cards and then inputting that into a system all of those will be digitized in the final product but yeah there's definitely a place for it i think it's going to be great for mass adoption and just really interesting for musicians charles why if you're a huge proponent of foss do you use an os like windows i do i use windows linux and mac os and ipad os and android i use all the operating systems i'm not one or the other i do use linux extensively especially things like cubes os and ubuntu are two for high security applications i use cubes and for general purpose stuff i use linux i'm going to start doing a lot of stuff in data science the second part of this year and i probably do all the programming of that in in on ubuntu i used to use linux extensively because i used to do a lot of work with sage and sage has a python like syntax and sage works best on linux and latex also works best on linux so all that work involved that but you develop habits and there are certain things windows is just really easy with but lately windows has not really been as compelling as it used to be back in the xp days and so forth and you can do everything you want on linux and i find myself using tablet os's like android os and ios far more that i'm actually using the desktop stuff outside of the getting productivity getting stuff done hmm favorite cigar the octuro fluente hemingway actually for that phd student let's give him all right let's see here here we go yeah 122 citations yeah here we go so i'm gonna so if you go to this link here you'll see the paper i sorry i have to type it all in but the title is a post-quantum digital signature scheme based on super singular misogynist this work from david zhao and the other authors is really interesting stuff i think jiao's waterloo let me double check where his affiliation's at yeah he's waterloo he's a math department so he's probably looked at curve guy yeah he went to harvard okay so yeah i'd recommend that that paper and boy if you could formalize that that'd be a lot of fun that's probably three years worth of work but you get to work with some pretty cool people and you learn enormous amount about not just formalization with the curves but something unique and sexy have you read changing the world order by ray dalio he's a bit pro-china for me but i will read it people keep throwing it at me [Music] have you read the book principles i saw the interview i think it was alex friedman podcast and i downloaded it but i didn't have time to read it it's my cue i have a cube more than 60 books long to read and i'm i wish there was more time that's why i'm so interested in accelerated learning because i'd like to be able to read like five books a week but i can only read one and people give me more books than i have time for thanks for your answer charles it's also frustrating such powerful hardware like new m1 chip pcs will be so hard to get open source to os's to the proprietary politics of apple adam that's actually a huge concern there was a lot of value with the windtail monopoly and that the separation of the hardware maker from the software maker meant that the hardware maker's incentive was to get the hardware to work on as many platforms as possible to maximize sales the vertical integration of this means that the hardware should only work on one os that's really tricky and that's bad and actually i hadn't thought of until you mentioned it but yeah that's a huge problem a lot of macbooks run linux operating systems and if the m1 doesn't play nice that's going to be super hard we could run into some sort of weird ass black room and black box engineering of of drivers and things like that it's not even clear to me how you would do that with the m1 the problem with the m1 for those of you who don't know is it's everything together so normally a cpu a gpu memory controller memory and other logic they tend to be separated and then over time what's happened is more things have gotten into the cpu so they put the memory controller into the cpu instead of having a northbridge and then they said oh well let's let's let's start putting some asics in that do image processing and so forth and then amd had amd fusion they said let's put the gpu into the chip what m1 has done is they've taken all of that and said we want that but we'll put wi-fi in and bluetooth in but we're also going to put in the memory into the chip package as well so the m1 has everything all in one chip and it's super damn efficient and it's just crazy fast and it's super smart the apple silicon and they're they're actually gaining instead of slowing down in their in their lead and it's very energy efficient copy the big little core architecture that quiltcom and others have made so popular i guess arm in general made popular or you have different processing cores some are lower efficiency and and do less but they use considerably less power so that's the little and some are for high performance tasks and you have sets of them so it's a great chip but proprietary and that's a problem for the industry any wasm coming to the stacks we're looking into it it's a good ocean strategy we are definitely looking into it there's been a lot of movement in that direction hmm is there any possibility language like reach will come to cardano it's chain agnostic high level language i did a bit of work with it on algorand it looks really promising yeah these types of things are definitely the wrong possibility you can always write a compiler from one to another system we use slightly different accounting models but i do think it's possible and i think there may even be a cardinal project for that i'd have to look into it charles is that fireplace electric it is electric hey charles was there already the hard fork or update for february yes it was already done it wasn't a hard fork it was just a major update it was almost the size of a hard fork but no ledger rules were changed so we didn't have to do that thank you for asking eli how are you doing today sir i am incredibly tired a bit worn down and frankly a little disappointed but i'm okay favorite mcu character iron man dr strange charles do any good literary agents yes i do i assume that's your question to ask if i need an agent and i assume you probably are an agent favorite type of weapon or gun well you have to do that by category i i do like pistols and it's really hard to argue with just the simplicity and efficiency of the glock 19.