AMA February 16th, 2020

hi this is Charles Hoskinson broadcasting live from warm sunny Colorado it's actually not too bad outside the Sun actually melted off out of the snow things are pretty good today having a lot of fun it's a nice Sunday and I figured I'd do an AMA cuz I haven't done a name in a long time I've done some updates and that's just mostly me barking at you but I haven't actually taken your questions in a bit so so anyway let's start with an update and then we'll roll right into the AMA so we can let some questions accumulate and if you guys can hear me okay just let me know if you can't let me know over the chat and I'll make some microphone adjustments otherwise let's get this car on the road shall we so in just a little under five days of the OPF Tiahrt fork will be initialized we submitted the update proposal yesterday so you may have noticed my david bowie asked tweet involving a certain commander and a certain space station anyway it takes about five days for an update proposal to be accepted by the network that's by design and once the OPF Tiahrt fork is in place all of the core nodes and really note will be running the new completely rewritten Cardno client so this is the combination of eighteen months of hardcore engineering and experience we learned a lot we built a lot we had certainly a huge amount of fun getting this to market it took a lot of cooperation with our partners and we also had to do a lot of work on the Explorer and other things and we remodulate everything to a point where a lot of things are very pluggable meaning we can add upgrades very rapidly to that codebase and that's by design so after that's cleared the next major upgrade will be the byron reboot being shipped to the end-user that means those who use Daedalus so for those of you who have a poor user experience with Daedalus and you've had one for a long time fully appreciate it fully understand it and I know exactly where it's coming from and guess what this new Haskell node is a complete rewriting of everything we've done new network protocol new everything you ledger rules it's a it's a Leviathan of code and we're really excited to bring that to market and we think you guys are going to have a great experience with it the memory footprint is considerably lower it's two to three times faster syncing times are dramatically faster recovery times are dramatically faster and there's a lot of stuff batteries included under the hood that really makes us a very special release so that will come in March the very next milestone after that is going to be the Shelly Haskell test net so as I mentioned in the prior update but I always repeat myself because people sometimes get it wrong there are two Shelly Haskell test nets and they're gonna run for only a short period of time the first one is the state pull migration test net and this deck the second one is the balance check test net so the state pull migration test net is to allow those who are currently on the i-10 to redeploy their state pools on the Haskell side and make sure that everything is working furthermore it also gives our exchange partners an opportunity to test the software and make sure that everything they've constructed is working correctly and for us to have a great conversation about staking as a service many exchanges have asked for this feature and there's a lot of libraries and other things we're building specifically for them to make this easy to integrate straightforward for people the second is the balance check test net and this is really for every single person in the quraan ecosystem to verify that both their ADA that they currently have Byron and their rewards that they've earned from the incentivize tests that are have translated over so this is just basically a way of checking both accounting sites because we're kind of merging both accounting together and anytime you do that you always have to take a step back and make sure that there's a good test mechanism for this that said things are on schedule with the ofb oft hard fork that's really us getting our stuff and our partner stuff in circulation you as a user will not have to do anything it'll just feel a normal day but on in the background a lot of stuff has happened and then the byron reboot update coming next month you should download and install that that's the single biggest upgrade you're likely to have ever gotten in the history of cardinal and it's going to make your life a lot better simpler and that's the basis upon which all code will be released moving forward now many of you also saw that I was up in Wyoming on Friday we just got done donating half a million dollars worth of ADA to the University of Wyoming this makes it the first University in the world to accept ADA what was really really impressive about this particular feat is that we were able to get state matching funds so the state of Wyoming is also going to put in half a million dollars to match our endowment and the University of Wyoming is adding three hundred thousand to match the endowment so the total size of this lab in terms of funding is about 1.3 million dollars off of our $500,000 ated donation that's what we call good business and good negotiation and being the right place the right time to take advantage of great legislative programs that existed the purpose of this lab is twofold one is to work with trusted hardware and the idea there is to take what we did with the New Balance deal using tangent as a product and shrink that all the way down into a tiny embeddable chip that we can put into any luxury product whether that be shoes handbags watches and potentially even make that bio and edible meaning that could be put into cattle and other farm stock and then we can use that as part of a broader authentication solution which will run exclusively on Cardinal the second is to create feedstock for Plutus programmers so in addition to this giving us access to the great pool of candidates from the University of Wyoming many of which are very excited right Politis code we will eventually have some influence over the curriculum and the undergraduate program so our hope is that the blockchain programming classes moving forward instead of teaching people solidity well at the very least also teach them flutists and perhaps exclusively teaching them Pluto Sam Marlowe so that generation after generation of students going through that program will be able to write smart contracts the right way the flutist way as opposed to the terrible way the solidity way so this is the first of its kind in a relationship and it's a really great pilot to be successful not only does it open the door for us to do this with other US institutions it now means that any computer science department in the world can use this as a model to directly ask the Treasury system of Cardno once that's turned online for funding to set up their own lab to benefit our ecosystem so in the not-too-distant future it's entirely possible that the students of a university could rise up and say let's go ask for half a million to a million dollars worth of ADA to set up our own research and development laboratory so should that happen we suspect that we're going to see a lot of that activity and now that we've implanted that idea in the minds of many students groups it's going to be exciting to see that 2021 and any event this is a long term relationship and this is the fourth lab that my company has opened we have one at Tokyo Institute of Technology we have one at University of Athens and one at University of Edinburgh and now we're very excited and proud to welcome university of wyoming into that family and we hope that we're gonna see a lot of great papers written a lot of great Hardware built and a lot of great code development that can add a tremendous amount of value to our ecosystem and also advance the science of the cryptocurrency and blockchain space with open source peer-reviewed research as with all of our research we do all of it is in the open domain I there are no patents even the hardware itself will be patent free so everyone is free to use that and in it's fair game for everyone in our ecosystem so this is a net value to all people not just IO HK and not just the Cardinal ecosystem so we're super happy to to have brought that and we just love working on Wyoming it really is an amazing state there are a lot of things under the hood that are happening in Wyoming right now that are just incredible for crypto I think some of the most exciting things are these special-purpose full reserve banks so banks that aren't fractional reserve but rather have full reserve and those banks will be capable of handling both fiat and crypto assets and be tremendously useful for future digitization efforts for example creating stable coins and custodial solutions and so forth so Wyoming is just a hot head of activity and a lot of great jobs are going to be created over the next five or ten years and I will remind everybody just like California New York and Texas Wyoming does have two senators too so that's a great access point to the US federal government and it certainly does have a lot of influence on u.s. federal policy as all US states do so we're very happy please be part of that family and we're very happy to be working closely now with the University of Wyoming and it was just a heck of a lot of fun to go there I also in the spirit of interoperability and camaraderie I did go to F Denver now F Denver is a is an annual event it's very large it has two to three thousand people attending lots of programmers six floors and programmers actually and I had a great time talking to everybody I think the most unique conversation is I ran into metallics father Dimitri butyrate and the week of is rated for a little bit so it was a good event and it was nice to see everyone there it was nice to talk to the shape shift guys and was nice to talk to a lot of the people working on D Phi and it was also cool to see a lot of the developers and what types of applications they're building and a lot of great opportunities for partnership okay so that's the update now because it's an AMA I turn it over to you guys and let's get back to your questions this is a good question when will Silicon Valley embrace car Tonto what is missing well when Gogan hits and shortly there before Gogan I think that's our time to go and really aggressively push things on Silicon Valley Silicon Valley has a unique and lukewarm relationship with cryptocurrencies Silicon Valley likes building things Silicon Valley likes doing creative new things and Bitcoin when it first came out was not terribly useful for anything so a lot of stuff had to be done to get Bitcoin even into a position where you could innovate and then even after that people were so frustrated myself included that we ended up building our own platform aetherium which did lead a whole wave new ventures some of which are based in Silicon Valley but really if you're gonna have a strong presence in the valley you need to have a solutions and developer first orientation so the burden is upon us as a project to produce a collection of great solutions as pedagogy it's basically a way to teach people how to deploy solutions on our platform and burden is upon us to have a great developer experience and for that infrastructure to help developers get to their solutions so once we have those two elements it's going to be very easy for us to evangelize not just in Silicon Valley but also evangelize in places like New York City London Tokyo and other large markets that have a lot of things going on so this is certainly a priority we've had a lot of discussions with the Cardinal foundation about this anamur go about this and I think very shortly we will be in a position once we clear all of these major updates literally every month major updates coming to Cardno will be in a great position to start opening up that dialogue and that's a continuous unending dialogue and I think will fare very well given that our platform has so much more to offer than most by the way speaking of so much more to offer than most I have seen the final edition of the Hydra paper that we submitted to USENIX and they're right now in discussions internally about how to get it on to ePrint so probably within the one to two week time horizon you guys can see or Boris Hydra live open for the first time it's the culmination of two years of R&D work and it's kind of the capstone of the or Boris research agenda and it gives a huge place we can go to get much better scalability and it's a really revolutionary product that I think crosses ecosystems and can be implemented in a really cool way so so look for that paper it's coming very soon we just finished the final edition of it for submission for publication and of course after we submit we submit publicly to e print whether it gets into the conference or not are you still involved with polymath and polymath yes I am still a consultant with polymath and polymesh my consultancy got up to the delivery of the first generation of polymesh and the writing of the white paper as that's starting to conclude I'm in discussions with Trevor and the rest of the team about what we can do to add value to both of our sites not just me as a consultant but potentially for i/o educate the company so I'll make an announcement at a later date thoughts about the new Samsung as xx lineup it's really remarkable evolution it's not necessarily a revolution every now and then you see that one big thing that the phone has to bring maybe it's the fingerprint scanner underneath the glass as opposed to being a surface scanner maybe it's the curved screen that the s6 introduced maybe its 5g support so in this particular case both Apple and Samsung have chosen to spend this iteration of their phone technology principally on camera and so in the case of Apple they have that try camera design case of Samsung they may now have the rectangular 108 make a pixel array on the samsung s 20 Ultra and 100x zoom I think 10x optical zoom and then software enhanced 400 X and if you look under the hood I mean it has everything you would expect of a flagship phone the snapdragon 865 processor which is just a great piece of engineering it's got that nice big little design so it has several cores which are low-power and they're mean to run in kind of low on battery environments or low computation environments and then they have other cores that are made for intensive operations like gaming or or image editing or whatever that might be that you're easier phone for the other thing is that the s20 ultra will also carry up to 16 gigabytes of RAM which seems to be a curious choice for phone because usually you don't use more than 4 to 6 the reason why they have so much onboard memory that's high speed I think it's el ddr4 is because of a product called Samsung decks and basically you can hook your phone up to a monitor you can convert your phone into a desktop computer and connect it to a mouse and keyboard and it's basically like running a version of Linux with Android app support I'm a dex user it's actually pretty cool I even have a Dex pad right here so this is what the last generation Dex pad looks and so you put your phone in here and then you can plug these ports and then suddenly I can use my font so what's nice about that is you can take your computer with you so you don't actually have to leave a computer at the office you can just take it home and your your phone is your desktop computer so when you have 16 gigabytes of RAM you do the multi casting that you would need to be able to from multi-user environment for a multi application environment improvements antenna technology larger battery the class is Corning Gorilla Glass I think five now and it's a little thinner because they figured out it would make it harder and better I and then obviously it has a faster charging for the battery and better wireless battery technology Wi-Fi six some Bluetooth five support etc etc so in many ways it's a great evolution and it's just an example of what happens when you sell a billion devices people tend to put a lot of Rd money and make these things truly remarkable in a very short period of time the silent revolution is the AI revolution of these phones they actually have special circuitry Asics specifically for machine learning and to execute a lot of open machine learning libraries with computer vision libraries and so these Asics are able to operate orders of magnitude in some cases faster than something would run on a normal general-purpose computer and they're specifically enabled for those AI applications and this means that you'll have better speech-to-text it means you'll have better facial recognition and other things that we've come to take advantage of with these phone devices so I think it's great product and I apples gonna come out with another great product and these constant evolutions are just really pushing the entire world for it now we in the crypto space really do follow these things because these phones are ultimately going to be the future of payments so at some point credit cards are going to go away at some point cash is gonna go away and all of your money will be tokenized and the holder of those tokens and those cryptographic assets for those tokens will be the cell phone more often than not the holder of those private keys so you'll probably have multiple copies of those private keys but some set of those with your identity will live on the phone and ultimately will contain your passport and all the other things maybe 10 years maybe 20 years but this is the world that we're moving into and if you look at the Samsung phone the s20 just the s10 and others carries Knox and has dedicated trusted Hardware enclaves we use knocks at IAO HK to secure our corporate side for access to our systems and I personally use Knox it's great product and Knox and the trusted hardware components of the S line are very good for containing cryptographic assets like private keys and they're very very difficult to extract unless you have very specialized knowledge and hardware and you're kind of like state level actor so if from a mainstream credentialing viewpoint you say it has biometrics it has trusted Hardware it has a recovery path in case you lose the device and it has everything you need Bluetooth 5 and NFC and so forth so you can use it to conduct commerce so I think that is a phenomenal platform for the future of money and it's a phenomenal platform for the future of a fennec ation and we're really excited about it and when you pair it with two-factor authentication for example a UV key they're really great they can plug into the USB C port or you can NFC connected you can have a PGP key embedded in the Yubikey those two things together actually add an enormous amount of security to the experience an announcement actually has something I forgot so I attended recently suits and spooks it's a good conference where you get to see all the the regular three-letter agencies the CIA and the NSA and so forth and the ir a-- and DARPA and these other guys and while I was there I had a long discussion about operational security of an organization and my director of cyber security Charles Morgan and I were lamenting that our attack surface needs to be reduced and when you're hanging around spooks and people in the InfoSec world you you always wake up in a cold sweat about all the things you could do better as an organization to improve your operational security and so one of the things that fell out of that conversation was to create a curriculum to train our employees to have a better mindset about security but then we said well everything we do is out in the open and open source so instead of just creating a curriculum that's proprietary and exclusive to AI ohk employees why don't we create a curriculum that is that is actually accessible to the general public as many of that I got started in this space with a udemy course called Bitcoin or how I learned to stop worrying and love crypto I got a second let me remove this user put user at a time out there we go many of that I got started with a with a course called Bitcoin or how I learned learned to stop worrying and love crypto I end up getting almost a hundred thousand students throughout the life of that class so what we're gonna do is create a you t'me course for information security and the purpose of this course is to teach people basically how to build a safe computational environment and prevent a lot of the common things that we tend to run into so it's going to cover everything from how to effectively use PGP to how to use a password manager how to use a VPN and why they work and when they don't work it's going to cover things like symmetric encryption so you can safely file encrypt it's going to teach about two-factor authentication hardware devices like UB keys it's going to teach a little bit about how to do an adversarial analysis it's gonna teach you a little bit about virtualization and how to create secure containers if you want to go down that road and actually build safe zones and zones that can become contaminated and also we'll talk a little bit about trusted devices for example you may have heard about the black phone or copperhead os or these special-purpose security operating systems and special purpose security phones so we'll talk a lot about how to use those types of things or things like cubes OS and so forth so it doesn't require any domain-specific knowledge no programming knowledge the purpose here is that the CEO down to the secretary should be able to take this and it creates a stable secure operating environment whether you're on Linux Mac or Windows so that you and your organization will have a much smaller attack surface and of course you can use this at home and it can help protect yet we're also going to talk about the secure storage of crypto currencies including how to use a ledger device and how to keep those keywords safe and this is just good hygiene overall I think so look for that in the coming months it's going to take us a little while to create it will a lot of an open domain and then when we release it it'll be a public free course released under a Creative Commons Attribution license so not only are you able to consume that content if it's useful to you you can repost that content without a fee okay any word on Dedalus ledger support that's coming soon you may have noticed with the instead of ice test net that we've already built some of the Dead list support there and actually we're working real hard with some contractors to get Daedalus firmware upgraded so in conclude multi-sig and Colts taking on tandem with the Shelly release so look for that soon is there a possibility of IOH cake creating their own Cardinal stake pool devices that can update itself over and on which cake created an app it would be really really cool to create trusted hardware devices so devices that kind of look like this that you can plug into your computer or your cell phone and then those devices add a layer of capabilities and that can be true random number generation that can be one-shot signatures generated with some quantum techniques we recently published a paper about that but things that you cannot do with normal hardware or it cannot safely do with normal hardware and the existence of those devices can augment the security of Cardno itself or the utility of Cardinal itself so the hardware lab that were constructing in University of Wyoming the first thing we're doing is a special purpose authentication product but if we build it in just the right way it could be sufficiently generic that we can take those chips and put them into a pluggable device and make that a consumer product that's open and the Raspberry Pi or the Arduino microcontroller and then that can become a component within a state tool and that can become a component within basically your phone or anything else and then you can use this to basically enhance your security so it's something in the long horizon but it's not something for 2020 that but we are definitely interested in it Charles Hoskinson how was Africa going Africa's going great I'm going to be in Africa next month in South Africa and I'll probably also go to Uganda and to Rwanda we'll make some announcements while we're there and it's going to be a lot of fun to kind of meet up with everybody as always I usually meet up with the the first family of South Africa I might have dinner with the president while I'm there it just depends on our schedules and it's always nice to hang out with Tumelo while I'm down there the first son and then and after that is just floating around throughout South Africa and the southern countries and then of course I try to go up to Ethiopia as well and touch bases with our engineers and people there Mulkey asks did you start fasting and the answer is yes I have started fasting so this is the first day of a seven day fast I'm gonna go from today all the way till Sunday next week I do this once a quarter I was planning on doing it a little earlier and I did five days but my parents came down I see them maybe once every six months so I decided to break my fast a little early but I'm a very in over ten of guy and so I don't like not having things unfinished so I decided that I come back and fast again so how I fast is that I only drink water and coffee and occasionally a bowl of brown broth I don't take any supplements or anything like that it's not necessary for fast and I do take electrolytes and I do take salt these are about the two things that I add in I and but they have no calories and don't knock you out of the ketosis state that you're in and it takes about two to three days to acclimate to the fasting state so I'm not really hungry and always thinking about food during those days then after that third day the energy levels mental clarity all that stuff stays pretty constant for as long as I need to go now in terms of breaking the fast on Sunday just start eating I drink a protein shake and I eat some yogurt and no solid foods for the first 12 hours let my body get used to absorbing these things again and make sure the right nutrition coming in then then I switch over to a solid food usually on the keto friendly side and then I ease back into everything takes a little while for digestion the back end so so there's that I always like people publicly know and a lot of people do like participating with me my own company and also on Twitter and it's I found out that there's a nice little intermittent fasting group within my own organization and there's on Twitter and ice intermittent fasting group I'd highly encourage people to check it out and learn more about it it's one of the cheapest easiest fastest ways to regain your health a lot of times when people have autoimmune disorders or they they have something going on low energy or inflammation or whatever it might be it's somehow connected to their biome or their diet and when you fast all the things you're allergic to are not really dealing with the toxins that are causing problems for you you're not ingesting them so just that alone helps you recover and get a break and it's a great reset for your body and it's a great way then to reintroduce yourself to all kinds of foods that you may have an allergy to but you've let yourself heal a bit and if anything it after three days you go through a process called etaf adji it regenerates your immune system Auto old cells die if you fast for a really long time scars start disappearing there's a pretty amazing science behind it as always with anything new consult your doctor before starting it but if you are curious to read about it there's a great book from a doctor a nephrologist in Canada named dr. Fung and fu ng and I'd highly encourage you to start with his reading materials then consult your doctor if you wish to do that seven days the piece of wood behind me Kyle to answer your question is a single piece of wood that was carved to represent a battle between Odin and Fenrir for those of you who know the North Pathology of a horde of Norwegians I do have a special affinity to it Fenrir was the grandson of odin the son of loki and it was a giant wolf and Odin fought Fenrir at the end of times during Ragnarok and was devoured by the wolf but it's a beautiful beautiful wood carving and it was made to reflect that epic battle it's a great story and it's really really cool to visualize it when Kyoto will make that announcement at a later date it's when we get a little closer to the main that we got to get the first test and out for it and then after we have that we're in a really good position to know what's left and how long we want to bake things is there anything to the rumor of Cardinal wrapping etherion classic for defy no there's no reason to run defy on aetherium classic as it stands right now if you're in classic is not a really good platform to deploy defy application so on I understand there's this argument that somehow immutability is everything and then everything's great but a theorem classic has all the sins of aetherium in its design and none of the resources right now to upgrade itself as I've mentioned many times before I have wanted to innovate very badly within that ecosystem unfortunately it just doesn't seem like there is a strong appetite for innovation we have a lot of great protocols in the proof-of-work side of the space that I think could add an enormous amount of value and make a theorem classics so much more competitive but at the end of the day where's the funding I personally spend a million and a half dollars building software for a theorem classic and we were never in a position where we could get funding even a paltry amount funding to cover maintaining that development team to to keep working in that space it was deeply frustrating because philosophically I agreed with the theorem classic I love a lot of the rank-and-file in that community it's tremendously fun to go to the etherion classic events and I think everybody in that ecosystems heart is in the right place but at the end of the day if you want to be competitive you have to offer people who maintain your ecosystem and build on top of your ecosystem something and it's not sufficient to offer them an experience of saying well you can it's the exact same experience as our competitor but were somehow immutable so everything's great Bitcoin is going to have smart contracts within the next 12 to 24 months and no one in the world can compete with bitcoins immutability they have certainly walked the walk in that respect and never had any doubt in that respect so when they get smart contracts why would you then need another immutable proof-of-work system that has that fanatical commitment to it that is a hundred times smaller it makes no sense so honestly I think the only way that ecosystem is going to survive is if they compare both a desire to innovate with the funding necessary to innovate and we of course have many great ideas we still talk with the leadership in the etherium classic community and we'll keep trying to convince them that things a Treasury for example are a good idea and if it ever comes around that way then I'd love to come back in and we can easily spin up a 2030 person development team the team we did have working on mantas we've reassigned to other projects using that codebase to do other things that are incredibly innovative and we're very excited to bring to market at some point but they're not actively working on a theorem classic anymore which is a shame because I will remind everybody that I which K is the only company around that built a native 100% new co2 theorem classic client that also worked with aetherium so I actually ended up building an aetherium client and there was a time you could actually run the entire aetherium network and the etherium classic network with mantas of course both of them are some hard Forks out-of-date so you can no longer do that but it was a shame that we couldn't get funding to keep that going because the people who used mantas really loved it and it was the best security audited and most concise code base around I think it was less than 15,000 code lines of code of Scala for the for the main including the networking consensus logic so it was really amazing piece of engineering and kind of sad that we could never do anything with it are you guys doing zeros naazy case dark research and useful proof of work research yes and yes in fact if you're interested in what we're doing there is a conference in London let me get the name of it for you guys it's in early April it's your knowledge standardization conference yeah you go to ZK proof org this is the workshop in its April four to six twenty twenty so vitally and Eduardo are two guys that do nothing but implement zero knowledge proof are finished almost finished today and will be by that workshop finished with the implementation of Sonic which is a massive step forward from lip snark the the the zero cash implemented the Z cash implementation of zero knowledge proof sonic is a paper that came out in December of 2018 and they've spent over a year figuring out how to build that and they brought everything by hand and they really did it in a very rigorous disciplined way and we're gonna show up at that conference and talk about our experience is implementing sonic and also the things we'd like to do with it One Direction is private computation and we created a framework called Kachina for that and the other direction is for recursive snarks and we're gonna see if something like halo could work within that model so go to zk proofed org if you're interested in the event I will probably be there and certainly several of my engineers will be presenting there and all of that code we wrote for Sonic in rust will be open sourced and publicly available by then with full documentation so we're quite interested in that as for useful proof of work we are developing a new proof of work algorithm called Minotaur and after that's done the team will start looking into useful proof of work there's still quite an appetite for proof of work and that class of protocol does have some utility I believe when you pair asic resistance and use together with a useful proof-of-work scheme these things are quite complementary to each other unfortunately within the e.

t.c community again there seems to be an anti asic resistance movement what people fail to understand is if you have a six you cannot have useful proof of work and the reason being is that a six only do one thing whatever you're mining protocol happens to be when you have a sick resistance the ideal computer for that is a GPU or a CPU which can do everything so if you have an ASIC resistant algorithm you tend to accumulate miners who have enormous amounts of general-purpose computers wired together which means if you want to apply useful proof of work you've just built one of the world's largest supercomputers that can do anything if you want to do useful proof of work with a sha-256 miner I mean unless your uses to do something involving sha-256 you're probably not going to be able to use that hardware for that purpose so we feel that you have to have both of them to actually have a useful proof of work be useful to anybody so minitor has that design and we are looking into the useful proof of work side of things for another project but it's a paper you will probably publish sometime during the summer this year we call it Minotaur because it's actually using a log space mining algorithm so you can do mining without having the full blockchain so it's chain las' and if you remember from your mythology the Minotaur II was put in the maze because no chains could bind the Minotaur so if you want to do chainless mining use Minotaur it's a really cool idea and some some amazing work from DNS ascend rose and his guys well Daedalus wallet have zero knowledge ability for all users now where is your knowledge can be very useful for Daedalus is creating a light client experience with full node security so you may have seen a project called coda co da encoder is using some concept of called a recursive snark with a light client and the idea is that you have the client a small representation of the Ute EXO and approve when a transaction comes through and that proof is connected to some knowledge you have and that proof has a very special structure that it can update so as the system updates you always can generate these proofs and the longest short is that you can prove two things one that the transaction tokens you're looking at exists and two they've never been double spent this is the first time they've been spent so in other words you get the same proving ability as if you had the full blockchain but you can do it with just a very small compressed representation of knowledge now zero knowledge is not the only way to do this our Neath the pow spruce for example can also help you with that but it's very seductive and attractive because it works with both proof of stake and proof of work systems and this is one of the reasons why we've begun examining halos so carefully that we think recursive snarks are definitely the future now if we have that capability we could bring that capability into Daedalus and then Daedalus would not have to have a full client you could actually have only a small amount of data and just immediately start operating and transact with not just the native asset Aida but all assets that have been issued on the Cardinal ledger and not actually have to possess a lot of knowledge about them so that's the future of our space and they'll take years for us to see that fully real but I think that's the only way for us to be able to get to a point where we have a global scale system can you tell us more about prism I can tell you a lot about prison but I'm not going to we're saving that for the launch of the main net prism is it has been built for over the last year it's actually being used in production somewhere and we have a cell phone app and everything it's really cool stuff and Tinnell patel will actually do a demo of prism and it will be one of the many utilities that the Cardinal blockchain offers tap developers when they want to have an identity first component whether that be for supply chain or compliance or other scenarios can you talk more about Haskell I am taking an upper-division CS class and we are using Haskell so generally speaking when you're used to Haskell it usually comes to your junior or senior year unless you happen to go to one of those special universities like st.